Here we describe some of the most common types of skin rash. This might help you know when seeing a doctor is necessary, and when it may not be. This may be especially helpful for parents too.
Contact dermatitis is any rash caused by something coming into contact with skin. These may be chemicals, plant or animal material (hair, leaves, grass…), detergents, cosmetics, dyes and paints, etc. The nature of these rashes vary (red and itchy is most common) but the sudden onset after contact and the localised rash, are usually good clues.
Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, is an allergic rash that is usually hereditary and often associated with asthma and or hayfever. The rash is typically red and itchy and scaly. There is no cure (some will outgrow it around puberty) and life-long control with various creams may be needed.
Psoriasis is a distinct red rash with white scaly-ness/flakiness. It is often seen over joints and on the face and scalp. Fingernails are often affected too. Psoriasis usually requires long term life-long treatment since there is no actual cure.
Impetigo is a skin infection. It shows as a red rash with pus-filled blisters that pop and crust over with a yellow colour. Impetigo is common in children. It requires antibiotics usually, as well as careful skin care and disinfection. Left unchecked, Impetigo can become dangerous, so prompt care is advised.
Insect bites can cause a localised and itchy rash. The cause is usually obvious and simple care (clean the area, try an antihistamine cream) is usually adequate.
Most childhood illnesses include a rash. The most common ones are measles and chickenpox, with each being fairly obvious early on. In most cases, good skin hygiene and simple care (rest, paracetamol) are sufficient.
Shingles is caused by the same virus that gives Chickenpox (the virus lies dormant for years and decades and re-emerges as shingles). It produces a similar rash to chickenpox but usually on one area and side of the body only. The rash often follows later, after the onset of fever and pain and malaise, making initial diagnosis elusive. Shingles can be really painful an debilitating and is most common in the elderly and unwell.
Even experienced doctors are mystified by skin rashes sometimes. So don’t worry if you are not always sure. Many aren’t. But this simple approach should help you identify most of the most common forms of skin rash.
Written by Dr Colin Burns
